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        Initial Body System Affected: Respiratory System The influenza virus initially targets the respiratory system. It replicates within the cells lining the nose, throat, and lungs. This leads to inflammation of the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, sore throat, and fever.   Impact on Other Body Systems While the respiratory system is the primary target, influenza can also affect other body systems:

• Cardiovascular System: Influenza infection can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure, especially in individuals with underlying heart conditions. The virus can trigger inflammation and increased blood clotting, leading to cardiovascular complications.

 

• Digestive System: Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This is more common in children. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the body's immune response to the virus.
• Nervous System: In rare cases, influenza can lead to neurological complications, including encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (a disorder that weakens the body's immune system).

  In conclusion, while influenza primarily affects the respiratory system, its impact can extend to other vital organs, highlighting the systemic nature of many infectious diseases. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.  

Sample Answer

     

Pathogen and Entry

Influenza virus

is a respiratory virus that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It enters the body through the nose, mouth, or eyes, often via inhalation of contaminated droplets expelled by an infected individual