Bio engineering

  1. Consider the process of N-linked Glycosylation
    a. What organelles are required?
    b. What is the residual sugar on a glycoprotein that has simple glycosylation?
    c. If glycosylation is complete what will be the final sugar on the glycoform?
    d. Why may N-linked glycosylation be important?
  2. For genetic-level control, please explain the process of
    a. Enzyme repression
    b. Enzyme induction
    Provide an example for each process.
  3. β-Lactams are the most widely used class of antibiotics. Since the discovery of benzylpenicillin in
    the 1920s, thousands of new penicillin derivatives and related β-Lactam classes Cephalosporins,
    cephamycins, monobactams, and carbapenems have been discovered.
    Select one such molecule or class of β-Lactams and explain their;
    a. Mechanism of action, it's market & global impact in antibiotics
    b. Briefly the manufacturing process. In the description attempt to capture points like;
    i. What type of organism and reactors are might typically be used for largescale production?
    ii. Is this a batch, fed-batch, or continuous process?
    iii. How is are these typically purified?
    iv. What are some typical scales of production?
    v. What are some regulatory considerations (i.e. FDA regulations) for βLactams?
  4. What are some contributing elements that influence the Economics of an Industrial scale
    Bioprocess? And For example; if I were to compare a Batch process versus a Continuous process, what
    factors within the process might I need to evaluate to better understand the associated production cost?