Beliefs, and "scientific" reasoning of the ancients whether in India or Greee

You are now fairly well acquainted with the beliefs, and "scientific" reasoning of the ancients whether in India or Greee. Now you are reading both primary and secondary sources regarding a "new" method, the "scientific method" that generates knowledge that has more predictive accuracy (in general), and seems to be closer to actual "reality" than than ancient science as its causal explanations appear to match how reality actually "is." Choose from one of the options below regarding this new "scientific method" (Francis Bacon, Galileo, Newton) which appears to be vastly superior to the prior method of "ancient science."

1. Francis Bacon, the New Organon - Book 1 - Read aphorisms 19-22, 24, 36-37 and summarize his "method" for doing this "new science". Summarize in your own words, in your own way of naturally speaking. Reference the specific aphorism(s) from which you base your summary. Now Compare to the secondary texts in the PL5 reading from Module 3 - ie inductive vs deductive reasoning, etc. Now respond - do you agree What did you find surprising? What do you find confusing? Discuss.
2. Francis Bacon, the New Organon - Book 1 - Read aphorisms 39-48 on the "idols" and summarize in your own natural way of speaking. Here Bacon is explaining why we humans so easily go wrong, go astray, fail to think "scientifically" or accurately. Compare if you wish to similar points in the PL5 reading or to passages from Galileo or Newton (Module 4 reading). Now respond - do you agree What did you find surprising? What do you find confusing? Is is still like this today with, say, Covid? Discuss.
3. Read the PL5 reading (from our secondary texts - Bird, Gorham) and, in your own words, summarize as precisely as you can the nature of "scientific reasoning" including debates or "different ways" of reasoning scientifically. For instance what is inductive vs deductive reasoning? How does falsificationism apply here (ie, Karl Popper). Now respond - do you agree What did you find surprising? What do you find confusing? Discuss
4. Read the Module 4 readings - the primary texts by Galileo and Newton - what sort of method do they espouse for doing science and how do they communicate their research results to the reader? Do they discuss human ignorance and blindness? What do they say? What did you find surprising in their writings? Did either of them get anything "wrong" about science in their writings? Explain. In your discussions and summary be sure to cite specific passages that you base your interpretation upon.