Alternative Environment
Research and describe 2-3 intrusions that have occurred in alternative environments (SCADA, real time systems, critical infrastructures). Explain how and why the intrusions occurred. What can organizations do to prevent such threats?
Sample Answer
Alternative environments, encompassing SCADA systems, real-time systems, and critical infrastructure, are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks due to their interconnectedness and reliance on outdated technology. Here are 3 notable intrusions and insights on prevention:
1. Stuxnet (2010): Targeting Iranian Nuclear Facilities
- How: A complex worm exploited vulnerabilities in Siemens industrial control systems to manipulate uranium enrichment centrifuges, causing physical damage and operational disruption.
- Why: Stuxnet was likely a state-sponsored attack aimed at disrupting Iran’s nuclear program.
- Lessons Learned: This attack highlighted the potential for cyberattacks to cause real-world physical damage and the need for stronger security measures in industrial control systems.
Prevention Strategies:
- Segmentation: Separate critical systems from the internet and each other to limit spread of infections.
- Patching: Implement rigorous patch management to address vulnerabilities promptly.
- Whitelisting: Restrict authorized software and communication protocols to prevent unauthorized access.
- Network monitoring: Employ intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to detect and block suspicious activity.