Case Study- Joe is a 14 yo Hispanic male currently participating in competitive skateboarding. He wears the regulation helmet while competing, but often chooses a half helmet while practicing because it's lighter. 3 days ago he hit his head when he fell from the top of the half pipe while practicing a new trick. He states that at the time he felt fine but now is nauseated and dizzy. He reports that he often falls when practicing so he didn't think this was such a big deal. He weighs 112 lbs and is 5 foot 4 inches tall. His mother brings him to your clinic for treatment.
concussions in teens. JNN.11.pdf Click for more options
- What are the symptoms of an acute concussion?
- Name 2 reasons why the often go unnoticed in a teen athlete.
- What are the possible long term complications of repeated concussions.
- Which teen athletes are are greatest risk for concussions?
- Should female athletes be worried?
- Should those playing non contact sports (like baseball) be worried?
- Find a professional journal article describing the treatment of concussions in teens and describe the appropriate diagnostic criteria and treatment plan for Joe.
Full Answer Section
Possible Long-Term Complications of Repeated Concussions:
- Chronic Headaches: Repeated concussions can increase the risk of persistent headaches.
- Learning and Memory Problems: Concussions can impact concentration, memory, and information processing.
- Increased Risk of Mental Health Issues: Teens with repeated concussions may be more prone to anxiety or depression.
- Increased Risk of Future Concussions: Previous concussions make the brain more vulnerable to future injuries.
4. Teen Athletes at Greatest Risk for Concussions:
- Athletes in contact sports like football, hockey, soccer, and basketball have a higher risk due to collisions and head impacts.
- Athletes in sports with falls and high-velocity movements like skateboarding, snowboarding, gymnastics, and cheerleading are also at risk.
5. Should Female Athletes Be Worried?
Yes. While the risk might be slightly higher in males due to differences in muscle strength, females are still susceptible to concussions.
6. Should Non-Contact Sports Athletes Be Worried?
Baseball carries a lower risk, but there's still a possibility of head injuries from balls, falls, or collisions. Caution is advised.
7. Treatment and Diagnosis for Joe:
Reference: "Management of Concussion in Sports" by the American Academy of Neurology (https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1164)
Diagnosis:
- A healthcare professional will conduct a thorough physical and neurological exam, assessing symptoms, balance, coordination, and cognitive function. Imaging tests like CT scans are typically not used for initial diagnosis unless there's concern about bleeding or skull fracture.
Treatment:
- Rest: Both physical and mental rest are crucial. This includes avoiding strenuous activity, screen time limitations, and allowing for proper sleep.
- Symptom Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help with headaches. Medications might be prescribed for nausea or dizziness.
- Gradual Return to Activity: A healthcare professional will create a stepwise plan for returning to sports, starting with light activity and gradually increasing intensity as symptoms resolve.
For Joe:
Based on Joe's symptoms (nausea, dizziness), it's crucial for the healthcare professional to perform a thorough concussion evaluation. Joe's history of frequent falls and not wearing a full helmet while practicing increases his risk. The healthcare provider will determine the severity of the concussion and create a personalized treatment plan that includes rest, symptom management, and a safe return-to-play protocol, emphasizing the importance of always wearing a full helmet during practice and competition.