- (a) A reversible process is never attained in practice. It can only be approached. What are the factors that make this statement true? [15 marks]
What is reversible process?
What is Irreversible process?
Why reversible process is basically not attained in practice
(b) In a microscopic sense, what are the two characteristics of an ideal gas? How do these features explain the dependency of the internal energy of an ideal gas on temperature alone. [5 marks]
What are the properties of ideal gas.
Dependency of internal energy with ideal gas(c) Entropy is a scientific concept, as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. A knowledge of the entropy change provides information concerning the structural changes accompanying a process: Comment on this. [5 marks]
What is entropy and a short note on entropy
- Oxygen is compressed from an initial condition of 1 bar and 250C to a final state of 5 bar and 250C by an adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant volume. Air may be considered an ideal gas with the constant heat capacities CV = 20.785 J/mol K and CP = 29.099 J / mol K.
Calculate the following for each process:
a) Work required (W), - 5 marks
b) Heat transferred (Q), - 5 marks
c) Changes in internal energy (∆U) and - 5 marks
d) Enthalpy of air (∆H) - 5 marks
[25 marks] - Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy. Choose a particular equipment / unit in a process plant which undergoes the thermodynamics changes. Highlight the importance, thermodynamically features of the unit and define a numerical problem along with appropriate solution with suitable assumption. (1500 words ) [25 marks]
- (a) Design the performance equations of a chemical reactor with suitable assumptions and theory of approach. [10 marks]
Batch Reactor
Plug flow reactor
Mixed Flow reactor
Description
Diagram
Assumptions
Derivation