Full Answer Section

• Centralism vs. Federalism: Mexico transitioned from a federal republic to a centralist state in 1835. This move threatened the Texans’ self-government and further fueled resentment.

The Tinderbox Ignites (1835):

• Battles of Gonzales and Goliad: In October 1835, a minor skirmish over a cannon at Gonzales escalated into armed conflict. Texan victories at Gonzales and Goliad marked the beginning of the Texas Revolution.

• The Constitutional Convention: Texan delegates met at Washington-on-the-Brazos in March 1836 to discuss their future. They declared independence from Mexico and adopted a provisional constitution that outlawed slavery within the new Republic of Texas.

The Alamo and Santa Anna’s Fury (1836):

• The Alamo Garrison: William B. Travis led a small force of Texans who volunteered to defend the Alamo, a former Spanish mission turned fort in San Antonio de Béxar. They awaited reinforcements from Sam Houston, the newly elected president of the Republic of Texas.

• Santa Anna’s Arrival: General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the ruthless leader of the Mexican army, arrived at the Alamo in February 1836 with a much larger force. He demanded surrender, but the Texans refused.

• The Siege and the Fall: Santa Anna laid siege to the Alamo for 13 days. Despite desperate pleas for help, reinforcements never arrived. On March 6, 1836, Mexican troops overwhelmed the outnumbered Texans, killing almost all defenders.

Significance of the Alamo:

• Rallying Cry: Though a military defeat, the Alamo became a powerful symbol of Texan bravery and sacrifice in the fight for independence. The rallying cry “Remember the Alamo!” fueled the Texan army’s determination in the following months.

• Turning Point: The Alamo’s fall spurred Texans to unify and fight harder. Just six weeks later, Sam Houston’s Texan forces decisively defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto, securing Texas’ independence.

• Enduring Legacy: The Alamo remains a potent symbol of Texan identity and resilience. The Alamo story continues to be debated by historians, with interpretations focusing on the role of slavery, the motivations of the defenders, and the strategic significance of the battle. ([Book Source 2] Lone Star Rising: The Untold Story of the Alamo and Texas Independence, by James Reston Jr.)