PerfectCustomPapers | Drifting baselines are indicated bywild variation in baseline behavior within a baseline phase.

Drifting baselines are indicated bywild variation in baseline behavior within a baseline phase.

Drifting baselines are indicated bywild variation in baseline behavior within a baseline phase.an inability to stabilize a baseline against slow, systematic changes.failure to achieve intersubject replication.

If you cannot return a subject s behavior to pretreatment levels during a reversal phase of a baseline experiment, you havean unrecoverable baseline.unsystematic within-phase baseline variability.a drifting baseline.

The general format of a baseline experiment is toobserve the behavior of several subjects only once.observe behavior in the absence of a treatment and then introduce the treatment and observe behavior again.assign one subject to each of the treatment groups in an experiment and observe the behavior of each subject.assign several subjects to a treatment group and other subjects to a control group but look at individual data rather than grouped data.

Using multiple levels of an independent variable in a single-subject experiment is a problem becausethere are no statistical tests that can be applied to the resulting data.subjects may tire too quickly to allow for complete replication.usually single-subject research has too few subjects to allow for adequate counterbalancing.

A drawback to the single-subject approach is thatsometimes it takes several days to reach a stability criterion.sometimes identifying sources of error variance is difficult.you cannot adequately test the reliability of your results.you cannot adequately test the generality of your results.

If the desired level of control over variables is not possible in a single-subject design, some researchers advocategiving up on doing the experiment.using a baseline rather than a discrete trials design.using statistics.

Those who advocate using inferential statistics with data from single-subject designsbelieve that statistics should replace replication to establish reliability.believe that statistics should be used only when intersubject replication is not possible.do not want to replace control over variables with statistical techniques.believe that control over variables should be replaced by statistical control.

Sample Answer

You’ve got a great set of statements about single-subject experiments! Let’s break them down:

Drifting Baselines:

Correct: Drifting baselines are indicated by an inability to stabilize a baseline against slow, systematic changes. This means the baseline behavior keeps changing gradually over time, making it difficult to isolate the effect of the treatment.

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Unrecoverable Baselines:

Correct: An unrecoverable baseline refers to a situation where the subject’s behavior does not return to pretreatment levels during the reversal phase. This makes it difficult to determine if the treatment truly caused the change in behavior.

Baseline Experiments:

Correct: The general format is to observe behavior in the absence of a treatment (baseline) and then introduce the treatment and observe behavior again. This allows researchers to compare behavior before and after the treatment.

Multiple Levels of Independent Variable:

Correct: Using multiple levels of an independent variable in a single-subject experiment can be problematic because there are usually too few subjects to allow for adequate counterbalancing (ensuring each subject experiences each level).
Additionally: Statistical tests might not be appropriate due to the small sample size.

Drawbacks of Single-Subject Approach:

Correct: One drawback is that you cannot adequately test the generality of your results, meaning the findings might not apply to a wider population.

Alternatives to Lack of Control:

Correct: Researchers might use a baseline design rather than a discrete trials design (where the treatment is repeatedly presented) to increase control over extraneous variables. Statistics are not typically used in single-subject research to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Inferential Statistics in Single-Subject Designs:

Incorrect: Inferential statistics are not typically used in single-subject designs due to the small sample size. Replication across subjects strengthens the case for a treatment’s effectiveness.

Overall:

Single-subject experiments offer a valuable way to study behavior in individuals, but they have limitations. Understanding these limitations and using appropriate design features helps researchers draw reliable conclusions.

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