Full Answer Section

• Weaknesses:
  • Relies on pre-defined variables, potentially missing nuanced experiences.
  • May not capture the “why” behind the data, focusing more on “what.”
  • Subject to bias in instrument design and data collection (e.g., leading questions).

Qualitative Research Design:

• Strengths:
  • Explores experiences, perceptions, and meanings in detail.
  • Uncovers rich descriptions and contextual factors often missed in quantitative studies.
  • Offers high ecological validity (reflects real-world experiences).
• Weaknesses:
  • Results may be difficult to generalize due to the specific sample.
  • Relies heavily on researcher interpretation, introducing potential bias.
  • Lacks strong internal validity (may not definitively establish cause and effect).

Critical Appraisal Considerations:

• Research Question:Does the chosen design (quantitative or qualitative) align with the research question? Quantitative methods are better suited for “what” and “how much” questions, while qualitative methods excel at “why” and “how” questions.
• Sampling:Is the sampling strategy appropriate for the chosen design? Quantitative studies often use random sampling for generalizability, while qualitative studies use purposive sampling for rich data collection.
• Data Collection:Are the data collection methods appropriate for the research question and minimize bias? Quantitative studies rely on surveys, experiments, or existing data, while qualitative studies use interviews, focus groups, or observations.
• Data Analysis:Are the data analysis techniques appropriate for the chosen design and ensure trustworthiness (quantitative) or credibility (qualitative)? Quantitative analysis uses statistical methods, while qualitative analysis involves thematic analysis, grounded theory, or narrative analysis.
• Limitations:Does the research acknowledge its limitations and potential biases? Both qualitative and quantitative studies can have limitations that should be addressed.

Conclusion:

The “better” design depends on the research question and goals. Often, a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods can provide a more comprehensive picture. By critically appraising both types of research designs, we can ensure the validity and trustworthiness of the research findings.